Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Definite Integrals Q #1460
KNOWLEDGE BASED
UNDERSTAND
5 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) LA
Evaluate: $\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{x}{\sin x+\cos x}dx$.

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Define the integral

Let $I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{x}{\sin x+\cos x}dx$.

Step 2: Apply the property of definite integrals

Using the property $\int_{0}^{a}f(x)dx = \int_{0}^{a}f(a-x)dx$, we have $$I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-x}{\sin (\frac{\pi}{2}-x)+\cos (\frac{\pi}{2}-x)}dx = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-x}{\cos x+\sin x}dx$$

Step 3: Add the two expressions for I

Adding the two expressions for $I$, we get $$2I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{x}{\sin x+\cos x}dx + \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-x}{\sin x+\cos x}dx = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{x+\frac{\pi}{2}-x}{\sin x+\cos x}dx$$ $$2I = \int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\sin x+\cos x}dx = \frac{\pi}{2}\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{1}{\sin x+\cos x}dx$$

Step 4: Simplify the integral

$$I = \frac{\pi}{4}\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{1}{\sin x+\cos x}dx$$ We can write $\sin x + \cos x = \sqrt{2}\sin(x+\frac{\pi}{4})$. $$I = \frac{\pi}{4}\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\sin(x+\frac{\pi}{4})}dx = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\csc(x+\frac{\pi}{4})dx$$

Step 5: Evaluate the integral of csc(x)

We know that $\int \csc(x) dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C$. Therefore, $$I = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\left[-\ln|\csc(x+\frac{\pi}{4}) + \cot(x+\frac{\pi}{4})|\right]_{0}^{\pi/2}$$ $$I = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\left[-\ln|\csc(\frac{3\pi}{4}) + \cot(\frac{3\pi}{4})| + \ln|\csc(\frac{\pi}{4}) + \cot(\frac{\pi}{4})|\right]$$ $$I = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\left[-\ln|\sqrt{2} - 1| + \ln|\sqrt{2} + 1|\right]$$ $$I = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\ln\left|\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{2}-1}\right| = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\ln\left|\frac{(\sqrt{2}+1)^2}{2-1}\right| = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\ln(3+2\sqrt{2})$$ $$I = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}\ln((\sqrt{2}+1)^2) = \frac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}}2\ln(\sqrt{2}+1) = \frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\ln(\sqrt{2}+1)$$

Final Answer: $\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{2}}\ln(\sqrt{2}+1)$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an UNDERSTAND question because the student needs to understand the properties of definite integrals and trigonometric functions to solve the problem. They must also understand how to manipulate the integral to a solvable form.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply specific procedures like using the properties of definite integrals and trigonometric identities to evaluate the given integral. The student needs to know the steps involved in solving definite integrals.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's knowledge of definite integrals and their properties, which is a core concept in the syllabus.