Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Matrices and Determinants Q #890
KNOWLEDGE BASED
APPLY
5 Marks 2023 LA
If $A=\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3\end{bmatrix}$, then show that $A^{3}-6A^{2}+7A+2I=O$

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Step-by-Step Solution

First, we need to calculate $A^2$:

$A^2 = A \cdot A = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3\end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}1+0+4 & 0+0+0 & 2+0+6\\ 0+0+2 & 0+4+0 & 0+2+3\\ 2+0+6 & 0+0+0 & 4+0+9\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}5 & 0 & 8\\ 2 & 4 & 5\\ 8 & 0 & 13\end{bmatrix}$

Next, we calculate $A^3$:

$A^3 = A \cdot A^2 = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3\end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}5 & 0 & 8\\ 2 & 4 & 5\\ 8 & 0 & 13\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}5+0+16 & 0+0+0 & 8+0+26\\ 0+4+8 & 0+8+0 & 0+10+13\\ 10+0+24 & 0+0+0 & 16+0+39\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}21 & 0 & 34\\ 12 & 8 & 23\\ 34 & 0 & 55\end{bmatrix}$

Now, we calculate $6A^2$:

$6A^2 = 6 \cdot \begin{bmatrix}5 & 0 & 8\\ 2 & 4 & 5\\ 8 & 0 & 13\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}30 & 0 & 48\\ 12 & 24 & 30\\ 48 & 0 & 78\end{bmatrix}$

Next, we calculate $7A$:

$7A = 7 \cdot \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}7 & 0 & 14\\ 0 & 14 & 7\\ 14 & 0 & 21\end{bmatrix}$

And $2I$:

$2I = 2 \cdot \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{bmatrix}$

Finally, we substitute these into the equation:

$A^3 - 6A^2 + 7A + 2I = \begin{bmatrix}21 & 0 & 34\\ 12 & 8 & 23\\ 34 & 0 & 55\end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix}30 & 0 & 48\\ 12 & 24 & 30\\ 48 & 0 & 78\end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix}7 & 0 & 14\\ 0 & 14 & 7\\ 14 & 0 & 21\end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 2\end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}21-30+7+2 & 0-0+0+0 & 34-48+14+0\\ 12-12+0+0 & 8-24+14+2 & 23-30+7+0\\ 34-48+14+0 & 0-0+0+0 & 55-78+21+2\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\end{bmatrix} = O$

Correct Answer: O

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because the student needs to apply the knowledge of matrix multiplication and substitution to verify the given equation.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to follow a specific procedure (matrix multiplication, scalar multiplication, addition/subtraction of matrices) to arrive at the solution.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's understanding and application of matrix operations as covered in the textbook.