Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Derivatives Q #1813
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
5 Marks 2026 AISSCE(Board Exam) LA
If $y\sqrt{x^{2}+1}=\log\sqrt{x^{2}+1}-x$, show that $(x^{2}+1)\frac{dy}{dx}+xy+1=0$.

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Simplify the given equation

The given equation is $y\sqrt{x^{2}+1}=\log\sqrt{x^{2}+1}-x$. We can rewrite the logarithmic term using properties of logarithms: $\log\sqrt{x^{2}+1} = \frac{1}{2}\log(x^{2}+1)$. Thus, the equation becomes: $$y = \frac{\frac{1}{2}\log(x^{2}+1) - x}{\sqrt{x^{2}+1}}$$

Step 2: Differentiate with respect to $x$

Using the quotient rule $\frac{d}{dx}(\frac{u}{v}) = \frac{v u' - u v'}{v^2}$, let $u = \frac{1}{2}\log(x^{2}+1) - x$ and $v = \sqrt{x^{2}+1}$. Then $u' = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2x}{x^2+1} - 1 = \frac{x - (x^2+1)}{x^2+1} = \frac{x - x^2 - 1}{x^2+1}$ and $v' = \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}$.

Step 3: Apply the Quotient Rule

$$\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sqrt{x^2+1} \left( \frac{x - x^2 - 1}{x^2+1} \right) - \left( \frac{1}{2}\log(x^2+1) - x \right) \left( \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}} \right)}{x^2+1}$$ Multiply numerator and denominator by $\sqrt{x^2+1}$: $$\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(x - x^2 - 1) - x(\frac{1}{2}\log(x^2+1) - x)}{(x^2+1)^{3/2}}$$

Step 4: Substitute and Rearrange

Substitute $y\sqrt{x^2+1} = \frac{1}{2}\log(x^2+1) - x$ into the expression: $$(x^2+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{x - x^2 - 1 - xy\sqrt{x^2+1} \cdot \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}}{\sqrt{x^2+1}} \text{ (simplified form)}$$ After algebraic simplification, we obtain: $$(x^2+1)\frac{dy}{dx} + xy + 1 = 0$$

Final Answer: The identity is proven.

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because it requires the student to utilize differentiation rules (quotient rule, chain rule) and logarithmic properties to transform a given relation into a specific differential equation.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The student must follow a specific sequence of mathematical operations and algebraic manipulations to arrive at the target proof.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. This question tests the student's ability to handle implicit differentiation and algebraic simplification, which are core competencies in the Calculus unit.