Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations Q #1301
COMPETENCY BASED
UNDERSTAND
3 Marks 2024 AISSCE(Board Exam) SA
Find the particular solution of the differential equation given by $x^{2}\frac{dy}{dx}-xy=x^{2}cos^{2}(\frac{y}{2x})$ given that when $x=1$, $y=\frac{\pi}{2}$

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Rewrite the differential equation

The given differential equation is: $x^{2}\frac{dy}{dx}-xy=x^{2}cos^{2}(\frac{y}{2x})$ Divide throughout by $x^2$: $\frac{dy}{dx} - \frac{y}{x} = cos^{2}(\frac{y}{2x})$

Step 2: Recognize the equation as a homogeneous differential equation

This is a homogeneous differential equation. Let $y = vx$, so $\frac{dy}{dx} = v + x\frac{dv}{dx}$.

Step 3: Substitute and simplify

Substitute $y = vx$ and $\frac{dy}{dx} = v + x\frac{dv}{dx}$ into the equation: $v + x\frac{dv}{dx} - v = cos^{2}(\frac{vx}{2x})$ $x\frac{dv}{dx} = cos^{2}(\frac{v}{2})$

Step 4: Separate variables and integrate

Separate the variables: $\frac{dv}{cos^{2}(\frac{v}{2})} = \frac{dx}{x}$ Integrate both sides: $\int \frac{dv}{cos^{2}(\frac{v}{2})} = \int \frac{dx}{x}$ $\int sec^{2}(\frac{v}{2}) dv = \int \frac{dx}{x}$ $2tan(\frac{v}{2}) = ln|x| + C$

Step 5: Substitute back $v = \frac{y}{x}$

$2tan(\frac{y}{2x}) = ln|x| + C$

Step 6: Apply the initial condition

Given that when $x=1$, $y=\frac{\pi}{2}$: $2tan(\frac{\pi/2}{2(1)}) = ln|1| + C$ $2tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 0 + C$ $2(1) = C$ $C = 2$

Step 7: Write the particular solution

Substitute $C = 2$ into the general solution: $2tan(\frac{y}{2x}) = ln|x| + 2$ $tan(\frac{y}{2x}) = \frac{1}{2}ln|x| + 1$ $\frac{y}{2x} = tan^{-1}(\frac{1}{2}ln|x| + 1)$ $y = 2x \cdot tan^{-1}(\frac{1}{2}ln|x| + 1)$

Final Answer: $y = 2x \cdot tan^{-1}(\frac{1}{2}ln|x| + 1)$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an UNDERSTAND question because the student needs to understand the concept of homogeneous differential equations and apply the appropriate method to solve it.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply a specific procedure (solving homogeneous differential equations) to arrive at the solution. This involves steps like substitution, separation of variables, integration, and applying initial conditions.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. The question assesses the student's ability to solve a differential equation, which is a core competency in calculus. It requires application of knowledge and problem-solving skills rather than rote memorization.