Let $A=\{0,3,4,6,7,8,9,10\}$ and $R$ be the relation defined on $A$ such that $R=\{(x, y) \in A \times A: x-y$ is odd positive integer or $x-y=2\}$. The minimum number of elements that must be added to the relation $R$, so that it is a symmetric relation, is equal to ____________.

For $\alpha \in N$, consider a relation $R$ on $N$ given by $R = \{(x, y) : 3x + \alpha y$ is a multiple of $7\}$. The relation $R$ is an equivalence relation if and only if :

Let $\mathrm{A}=\{-4,-3,-2,0,1,3,4\}$ and $\mathrm{R}=\left\{(a, b) \in \mathrm{A} \times \mathrm{A}: b=|a|\right.$ or $\left.b^{2}=a+1\right\}$ be a relation on $\mathrm{A}$. Then the minimum number of elements, that must be added to the relation $\mathrm{R}$ so that it becomes reflexive and symmetric, is __________

Let $R = \{(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)\}$ be a relation on the set $A = \{1, 2, 3, 4\}$. The relation $R$ is:

The minimum number of elements that must be added to the relation R = {(a, b), (b, c), (b, d)} on the set {a, b, c, d} so that it is an equivalence relation, is __________.