In an ecosystem, energy enters from the sun and is captured by producers. As it moves through trophic levels (producers to consumers), it is dissipated as heat at each step. Therefore, energy flow is strictly unidirectional. Statement (a) is Correct.
The energy pyramid represents the amount of energy at each trophic level. Since energy is lost at each transfer, the amount of energy available at higher trophic levels is always less than at lower levels. Thus, the energy pyramid is always upright and can never be inverted. Statement (b) is Correct.
The transfer of energy between trophic levels follows the 10% Law (Lindeman's Law), which states that only about 10% of the energy is transferred to the next trophic level. The 1% law refers to the amount of solar energy captured by green plants (producers). Statement (c) is Incorrect.
Final Answer: (C) (a) and (b) only
AI generated content. Review strictly for academic accuracy.