Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In recombinant DNA technology, lysozyme is used for disrupting bacterial cells while cellulase is for plant cells. Reason R: Isolation of genetic material needs disruption of cells. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements about the reabsorption process in Henle's loop are correct? (a) The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. (b) Urine gets concentrated in Henle's loop. (c) Reabsorption of $Na^{+}$ and water takes place in Henle's loop. (d) Active or passive transport of electrolytes occurs in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Consider a spring-mass simple harmonic oscillator in one dimension. The mass of the particle is $m$ kg and the spring constant is $k~Nm^{-1}$. At a given instant, the extension of the spring is $x$-meter and the speed of the particle is $v~ms^{-1}$. On the $x-v$ plane, if the graph of $v$ as a function of $x$ is a circle, then the correct option is:

The method of directly of injecting a sperm into ovum in assisted reproductive technology is called:

How many turns of Calvin cycle are required for the formation of three molecules of glucose?