Class NEET 2026 ALL Q #1958
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
4 Marks 2026 NTA-RE-NEET-2026 MCQ SINGLE
Given below are two statements: Statement-I: Oxidation of p-nitrotoluene with acidic $KMnO_{4}$ gives an acid that is stronger than benzoic acid. Statement-II: Reduction of p-nitrotoluene with $Sn/HCl$ followed by neutralization gives an amine that is more basic than aniline. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
(A) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
(C) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect
(D) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
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Correct Answer: B

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Analyze Statement-I

Oxidation of p-nitrotoluene with acidic $KMnO_{4}$ converts the methyl group into a carboxylic acid group, resulting in p-nitrobenzoic acid. The nitro group ($-NO_{2}$) is a strong electron-withdrawing group (EWG) due to both -I and -M effects. Since EWGs increase the acidity of benzoic acid by stabilizing the carboxylate anion, p-nitrobenzoic acid is indeed stronger than benzoic acid. Thus, Statement-I is correct.

Step 2: Analyze Statement-II

Reduction of p-nitrotoluene with $Sn/HCl$ converts the nitro group into an amino group, resulting in p-toluidine (4-methylaniline). In p-toluidine, the methyl group ($-CH_{3}$) is an electron-donating group (EDG) due to the +I effect and hyperconjugation. EDGs increase the electron density on the nitrogen atom, making the lone pair more available for protonation compared to aniline. Therefore, p-toluidine is more basic than aniline. Thus, Statement-II is correct.

Final Answer: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because the student must apply principles of electronic effects (inductive and resonance) to predict the relative acidity and basicity of substituted aromatic compounds.
Knowledge Dimension: CONCEPTUAL
Justification: The question tests the understanding of how functional groups influence the chemical properties of a benzene ring, requiring knowledge of reaction mechanisms and electronic effects.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of NEET, this is classified as COMPETENCY. This question mirrors the pattern of recent NEET examinations where students are required to evaluate the validity of multiple chemical statements based on organic reaction mechanisms and substituent effects.

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