CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Applications of Derivatives Q #1755
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
2 Marks 2026 AISSCE(Board Exam) VSA
If the volume of a solid hemisphere increases at a uniform rate, prove that its surface area varies inversely as its radius.

AI Tutor Explanation

Powered by Gemini

Detailed Solution

Step 1: Define the variables and given conditions

Let $r$ be the radius of the hemisphere. The volume $V$ of a hemisphere is given by $V = \frac{2}{3}\pi r^3$. The surface area $S$ (including the base) is $S = 3\pi r^2$. We are given that the volume increases at a uniform rate, so $\frac{dV}{dt} = k$, where $k$ is a constant.

Step 2: Differentiate the volume with respect to time

Differentiating $V = \frac{2}{3}\pi r^3$ with respect to $t$: $$ \frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{2}{3}\pi (3r^2) \frac{dr}{dt} = 2\pi r^2 \frac{dr}{dt} $$ Since $\frac{dV}{dt} = k$, we have $k = 2\pi r^2 \frac{dr}{dt}$, which implies $\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{k}{2\pi r^2}$.

Step 3: Differentiate the surface area with respect to time

Differentiating $S = 3\pi r^2$ with respect to $t$: $$ \frac{dS}{dt} = 3\pi (2r) \frac{dr}{dt} = 6\pi r \frac{dr}{dt} $$

Step 4: Substitute and conclude

Substitute the expression for $\frac{dr}{dt}$ from Step 2 into the equation for $\frac{dS}{dt}$: $$ \frac{dS}{dt} = 6\pi r \left( \frac{k}{2\pi r^2} \right) = \frac{3k}{r} $$ Since $3$ and $k$ are constants, $\frac{dS}{dt} \propto \frac{1}{r}$. This proves that the rate of change of the surface area varies inversely as the radius.

Final Answer: Proved: \frac{dS}{dt} \propto \frac{1}{r}

AI generated content. Review strictly for academic accuracy.

Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because it requires the student to apply the chain rule of differentiation to a geometric rate-of-change problem.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The student must follow a specific sequence of mathematical operations (differentiation, substitution, and simplification) to reach the proof.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It tests the application of 'Application of Derivatives' (Rate of Change) beyond simple textbook plug-and-play problems.