Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Relations and Functions Q #1472
KNOWLEDGE BASED
UNDERSTAND
3 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) SA
Show that the function $f:R\rightarrow R$ defined by $f(x)=4x^{3}-5$, $\forall x\in R$ is one-one and onto.

AI Tutor Explanation

Powered by Gemini

Detailed Solution

Step 1: Prove that the function is one-one.

To prove that the function $f(x) = 4x^3 - 5$ is one-one, we need to show that if $f(x_1) = f(x_2)$, then $x_1 = x_2$ for all $x_1, x_2 \in R$.

Step 2: Set $f(x_1) = f(x_2)$ and simplify.

Let $f(x_1) = f(x_2)$. Then, $$4x_1^3 - 5 = 4x_2^3 - 5$$ $$4x_1^3 = 4x_2^3$$ $$x_1^3 = x_2^3$$ Taking the cube root of both sides, we get $$x_1 = x_2$$ Thus, $f(x)$ is one-one.

Step 3: Prove that the function is onto.

To prove that the function $f(x) = 4x^3 - 5$ is onto, we need to show that for every $y \in R$, there exists an $x \in R$ such that $f(x) = y$.

Step 4: Find $x$ in terms of $y$.

Let $y = f(x)$. Then, $$y = 4x^3 - 5$$ $$y + 5 = 4x^3$$ $$x^3 = \frac{y + 5}{4}$$ $$x = \sqrt[3]{\frac{y + 5}{4}}$$ Since $y \in R$, $\frac{y + 5}{4} \in R$, and the cube root of any real number is a real number, $x \in R$.

Step 5: Verify that $f(x) = y$.

Now, we verify that $f(x) = y$: $$f(x) = f\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{y + 5}{4}}\right) = 4\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{y + 5}{4}}\right)^3 - 5 = 4\left(\frac{y + 5}{4}\right) - 5 = y + 5 - 5 = y$$ Thus, for every $y \in R$, there exists an $x \in R$ such that $f(x) = y$. Therefore, $f(x)$ is onto.

Step 6: Conclusion

Since $f(x)$ is both one-one and onto, it is a bijective function.

Final Answer: The function $f(x) = 4x^3 - 5$ is one-one and onto.

AI generated content. Review strictly for academic accuracy.

Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an UNDERSTAND question because the student needs to demonstrate understanding of the definitions of one-one and onto functions and apply them to the given function.
Knowledge Dimension: CONCEPTUAL
Justification: The question requires understanding of the concepts of one-one and onto functions, rather than just recalling facts or following a specific procedure. The student needs to understand the underlying principles to apply them correctly.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's understanding of functions and their properties, which is a core topic in the syllabus. The question is a standard textbook problem.