Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Three Dimensional Geometry Q #1420
KNOWLEDGE BASED
REMEMBER
5 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) LA
Find the equation of a line in vector and cartesian form which passes through the point $(1,2,-4)$ and is perpendicular to the lines $\frac{x-8}{3}=\frac{y+19}{-16}=\frac{z-10}{7}$ and $\vec{r}=15\hat{i}+29\hat{j}+5\hat{k}+\mu(3\hat{i}+8\hat{j}-5\hat{k})$.

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Identify the direction vectors of the given lines.

The direction vector of the first line, $\frac{x-8}{3}=\frac{y+19}{-16}=\frac{z-10}{7}$, is $\vec{b_1} = 3\hat{i} - 16\hat{j} + 7\hat{k}$. The direction vector of the second line, $\vec{r}=15\hat{i}+29\hat{j}+5\hat{k}+\mu(3\hat{i}+8\hat{j}-5\hat{k})$, is $\vec{b_2} = 3\hat{i} + 8\hat{j} - 5\hat{k}$.

Step 2: Find the direction vector of the required line.

Since the required line is perpendicular to both given lines, its direction vector $\vec{b}$ is parallel to the cross product of $\vec{b_1}$ and $\vec{b_2}$. $$\vec{b} = \vec{b_1} \times \vec{b_2} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 3 & -16 & 7 \\ 3 & 8 & -5 \end{vmatrix}$$ $$\vec{b} = \hat{i}((-16)(-5) - (7)(8)) - \hat{j}((3)(-5) - (7)(3)) + \hat{k}((3)(8) - (-16)(3))$$ $$\vec{b} = \hat{i}(80 - 56) - \hat{j}(-15 - 21) + \hat{k}(24 + 48)$$ $$\vec{b} = 24\hat{i} + 36\hat{j} + 72\hat{k}$$ We can simplify this vector by dividing by the common factor 12: $$\vec{b} = 2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}$$

Step 3: Write the vector equation of the line.

The line passes through the point $(1, 2, -4)$, so the position vector of a point on the line is $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}$. The vector equation of the line is given by $\vec{r} = \vec{a} + \lambda \vec{b}$, where $\lambda$ is a scalar parameter. $$\vec{r} = (\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}) + \lambda (2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 6\hat{k})$$

Step 4: Write the cartesian equation of the line.

The cartesian equation of the line passing through $(x_1, y_1, z_1)$ with direction ratios $a, b, c$ is given by: $$\frac{x - x_1}{a} = \frac{y - y_1}{b} = \frac{z - z_1}{c}$$ In this case, $(x_1, y_1, z_1) = (1, 2, -4)$ and the direction ratios are $2, 3, 6$. Therefore, the cartesian equation of the line is: $$\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y - 2}{3} = \frac{z + 4}{6}$$

Final Answer: Vector equation: $\vec{r} = (\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}) + \lambda (2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 6\hat{k})$ Cartesian equation: $\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y - 2}{3} = \frac{z + 4}{6}$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an REMEMBER question because the student needs to recall the formulas for vector and cartesian equations of a line, and the method for finding a vector perpendicular to two given vectors.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply a specific procedure to find the equation of a line, involving cross products and standard equation forms.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's understanding of the concepts and formulas related to 3D geometry, as covered in the textbook.