Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Definite Integrals Q #1275
KNOWLEDGE BASED
UNDERSTAND
3 Marks 2024 AISSCE(Board Exam) SA
Evaluate : $\int_{-2}^{2}\sqrt{\frac{2-x}{2+x}}dx$

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Substitution to simplify the integrand

Let $x = 2\cos{2\theta}$. Then, $dx = -4\sin{2\theta} d\theta$. We also need to change the limits of integration.

Step 2: Changing the limits of integration

When $x = -2$, $2\cos{2\theta} = -2$, so $\cos{2\theta} = -1$, which means $2\theta = \pi$, and $\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}$. When $x = 2$, $2\cos{2\theta} = 2$, so $\cos{2\theta} = 1$, which means $2\theta = 0$, and $\theta = 0$.

Step 3: Substituting into the integral

The integral becomes: $$ \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \sqrt{\frac{2-2\cos{2\theta}}{2+2\cos{2\theta}}} (-4\sin{2\theta}) d\theta = \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \sqrt{\frac{1-\cos{2\theta}}{1+\cos{2\theta}}} (-4\sin{2\theta}) d\theta $$

Step 4: Using trigonometric identities

Using the identities $1 - \cos{2\theta} = 2\sin^2{\theta}$ and $1 + \cos{2\theta} = 2\cos^2{\theta}$, we have: $$ \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \sqrt{\frac{2\sin^2{\theta}}{2\cos^2{\theta}}} (-4\sin{2\theta}) d\theta = \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \sqrt{\tan^2{\theta}} (-4\sin{2\theta}) d\theta = \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \tan{\theta} (-4\sin{2\theta}) d\theta $$

Step 5: Simplifying the integral further

Since $\sin{2\theta} = 2\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta}$, we have: $$ \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}} (-4(2\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta})) d\theta = \int_{\pi/2}^{0} \frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}} (-8\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta}) d\theta = \int_{\pi/2}^{0} -8\sin^2{\theta} d\theta $$

Step 6: Changing the limits of integration and using another trigonometric identity

Changing the limits of integration, we get: $$ 8\int_{0}^{\pi/2} \sin^2{\theta} d\theta $$ Using the identity $\sin^2{\theta} = \frac{1 - \cos{2\theta}}{2}$, we have: $$ 8\int_{0}^{\pi/2} \frac{1 - \cos{2\theta}}{2} d\theta = 4\int_{0}^{\pi/2} (1 - \cos{2\theta}) d\theta $$

Step 7: Evaluating the integral

$$ 4\int_{0}^{\pi/2} (1 - \cos{2\theta}) d\theta = 4\left[\theta - \frac{\sin{2\theta}}{2}\right]_{0}^{\pi/2} = 4\left[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\sin{\pi}}{2}\right) - \left(0 - \frac{\sin{0}}{2}\right)\right] = 4\left[\frac{\pi}{2} - 0 - 0 + 0\right] = 4\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 2\pi $$

Final Answer: $2\pi$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an UNDERSTAND question because the student needs to understand the concept of definite integrals and trigonometric substitutions to solve the problem.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply a specific procedure (trigonometric substitution) to evaluate the definite integral.<\/span>
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's knowledge of integration techniques, specifically trigonometric substitution, which is a standard topic in the syllabus.