Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations Q #1463
KNOWLEDGE BASED
REMEMBER
5 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) LA
Solve the differential equation $(1+x^{2})\frac{dy}{dx}+2xy-4x^{2}=0$ subject to initial condition $y(0)=0$.

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Rewrite the differential equation

The given differential equation is $(1+x^{2})\frac{dy}{dx}+2xy-4x^{2}=0$. We can rewrite it as: $$\frac{dy}{dx} + \frac{2x}{1+x^2}y = \frac{4x^2}{1+x^2}$$

Step 2: Identify the integrating factor

This is a first-order linear differential equation of the form $\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)$, where $P(x) = \frac{2x}{1+x^2}$ and $Q(x) = \frac{4x^2}{1+x^2}$. The integrating factor (IF) is given by $e^{\int P(x) dx}$. $$\int P(x) dx = \int \frac{2x}{1+x^2} dx$$ Let $u = 1+x^2$, then $du = 2x dx$. $$\int \frac{du}{u} = \ln|u| = \ln(1+x^2)$$ Therefore, the integrating factor is: $$IF = e^{\ln(1+x^2)} = 1+x^2$$

Step 3: Multiply the differential equation by the integrating factor

Multiplying the differential equation by the integrating factor $(1+x^2)$, we get: $$(1+x^2)\frac{dy}{dx} + 2xy = 4x^2$$ $$\frac{d}{dx}[y(1+x^2)] = 4x^2$$

Step 4: Integrate both sides with respect to x

Integrating both sides with respect to $x$, we have: $$\int \frac{d}{dx}[y(1+x^2)] dx = \int 4x^2 dx$$ $$y(1+x^2) = \frac{4}{3}x^3 + C$$

Step 5: Apply the initial condition

Given the initial condition $y(0) = 0$, we substitute $x=0$ and $y=0$ into the general solution: $$0(1+0^2) = \frac{4}{3}(0)^3 + C$$ $$0 = 0 + C$$ $$C = 0$$

Step 6: Write the particular solution

Substituting $C=0$ into the general solution, we get the particular solution: $$y(1+x^2) = \frac{4}{3}x^3$$ $$y = \frac{4x^3}{3(1+x^2)}$$

Final Answer: $y = \frac{4x^3}{3(1+x^2)}$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an REMEMBER question because the student needs to recall the method to solve a linear differential equation and apply the initial condition.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply a specific algorithm to solve the differential equation, including finding the integrating factor and applying the initial condition.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's knowledge of solving linear differential equations, a standard topic in the syllabus.