Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Applications of Derivatives Q #1422
KNOWLEDGE BASED
REMEMBER
2 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) VSA
Surface area of a balloon (spherical), when air is blown into it, increases at a rate of $5\text{ mm}^{2}/\text{s}$. When the radius of the balloon is 8 mm, find the rate at which the volume of the balloon is increasing.

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Define variables and given rates

Let $S$ be the surface area and $V$ be the volume of the spherical balloon. Let $r$ be the radius of the balloon at time $t$. We are given that $\frac{dS}{dt} = 5 \text{ mm}^2/\text{s}$ and we need to find $\frac{dV}{dt}$ when $r = 8 \text{ mm}$.

Step 2: Write the formulas for surface area and volume of a sphere

The surface area of a sphere is given by $S = 4\pi r^2$ and the volume of a sphere is given by $V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$.

Step 3: Differentiate the surface area formula with respect to time

Differentiating $S = 4\pi r^2$ with respect to $t$, we get: $$ \frac{dS}{dt} = 8\pi r \frac{dr}{dt} $$

Step 4: Solve for $\frac{dr}{dt}$

We are given $\frac{dS}{dt} = 5$ and $r = 8$. Substituting these values into the equation from Step 3, we get: $$ 5 = 8\pi (8) \frac{dr}{dt} $$ $$ \frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{5}{64\pi} $$

Step 5: Differentiate the volume formula with respect to time

Differentiating $V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$ with respect to $t$, we get: $$ \frac{dV}{dt} = 4\pi r^2 \frac{dr}{dt} $$

Step 6: Substitute the values of $r$ and $\frac{dr}{dt}$ to find $\frac{dV}{dt}$

Substituting $r = 8$ and $\frac{dr}{dt} = \frac{5}{64\pi}$ into the equation from Step 5, we get: $$ \frac{dV}{dt} = 4\pi (8^2) \left(\frac{5}{64\pi}\right) $$ $$ \frac{dV}{dt} = 4\pi (64) \left(\frac{5}{64\pi}\right) $$ $$ \frac{dV}{dt} = 20 $$

Final Answer: 20 mm³/s

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an REMEMBER question because it requires recalling the formulas for the surface area and volume of a sphere and applying differentiation rules.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to apply a specific procedure (differentiation) to solve the problem. The student needs to know how to differentiate and apply the chain rule.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. It directly tests the student's understanding of application of derivatives, specifically rates of change. The question is based on standard textbook problems.