Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Applications of Derivatives Q #617
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
1 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) MCQ SINGLE
The values of \(\lambda\) so that \(f(x)=\sin x-\cos x-\lambda x+C\) decreases for all real values of x are:
(A) \(1\lt\lambda\lt\sqrt{2}\)
(B) \(\lambda\ge1\)
(C) \(\lambda\ge\sqrt{2}\)
(D) \(\lambda\lt1\)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
To determine the values of \(\lambda \) for which the function \(f(x)=\sin x-\cos x-\lambda x+C\) is always decreasing, we need to find the values of \(\lambda \) for which the derivative of \(f(x)\) is less than or equal to zero for all real \(x\).

The derivative of \(f(x)\) with respect to \(x\) is:

\(f^{\prime }(x)=\cos x+\sin x-\lambda \)

For \(f(x)\) to be a decreasing function for all real values of \(x\), we must have:\(f^{\prime }(x)\le 0\)\(\cos x+\sin x-\lambda \le 0\) that is

\(\cos x+\sin x\le \lambda \)


Note that for an expression of the form \(a\cos x+b\sin x\), the maximum value is \(\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}\).

Here, \(a=1\) and \(b=1\). So the maximum value of \(\cos x+\sin x\) is:\(\sqrt{1^{2}+1^{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)


Now the condition \(\cos x+\sin x\le \lambda \) for all real \(x\).implies that \(\lambda \) must be greater than or equal to the maximum possible value of \(\cos x+\sin x\).

Therefore, we must have:\(\lambda \ge \sqrt{2}\)

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Step-by-Step Solution

Given: \(f(x) = \sin x - \cos x - \lambda x + C\)

For \(f(x)\) to be decreasing for all real values of x, we must have \(f'(x) \le 0\) for all x.

First, find the derivative of \(f(x)\) with respect to x:

\(f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(\sin x - \cos x - \lambda x + C)\)

\(f'(x) = \cos x + \sin x - \lambda\)

Now, we need \(f'(x) \le 0\) for all x:

\(\cos x + \sin x - \lambda \le 0\)

\(\cos x + \sin x \le \lambda\)

The maximum value of \(\cos x + \sin x\) can be found by rewriting it in the form \(R\cos(x - \alpha)\), where \(R = \sqrt{1^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{2}\). Thus, the maximum value is \(\sqrt{2}\).

Therefore, \(\cos x + \sin x \le \sqrt{2}\)

So, we must have \(\lambda \ge \sqrt{2}\) for the inequality \(\cos x + \sin x \le \lambda\) to hold for all x.

Correct Answer: \(\lambda\ge\sqrt{2}\)

AI Suggestion: Option C

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because the student needs to apply the concepts of differentiation and decreasing functions to find the range of values for lambda.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to follow a specific procedure: differentiate the function, apply the condition for decreasing function (f'(x) < 0), and then solve the inequality to find the range of lambda.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. The question assesses the student's ability to apply calculus concepts (differentiation and inequalities) to analyze the behavior of a function, which aligns with competency-based assessment.