Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Applications of Derivatives Q #617
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
1 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) MCQ SINGLE
The values of \(\lambda\) so that \(f(x)=\sin x-\cos x-\lambda x+C\) decreases for all real values of x are:
(A) \(1\lt\lambda\lt\sqrt{2}\)
(B) \(\lambda\ge1\)
(C) \(\lambda\ge\sqrt{2}\)
(D) \(\lambda\lt1\)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
To determine the values of \(\lambda \) for which the function \(f(x)=\sin x-\cos x-\lambda x+C\) is always decreasing, we need to find the values of \(\lambda \) for which the derivative of \(f(x)\) is less than or equal to zero for all real \(x\).

The derivative of \(f(x)\) with respect to \(x\) is:

\(f^{\prime }(x)=\cos x+\sin x-\lambda \)

For \(f(x)\) to be a decreasing function for all real values of \(x\), we must have:\(f^{\prime }(x)\le 0\)\(\cos x+\sin x-\lambda \le 0\) that is

\(\cos x+\sin x\le \lambda \)


Note that for an expression of the form \(a\cos x+b\sin x\), the maximum value is \(\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}\).

Here, \(a=1\) and \(b=1\). So the maximum value of \(\cos x+\sin x\) is:\(\sqrt{1^{2}+1^{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)


Now the condition \(\cos x+\sin x\le \lambda \) for all real \(x\).implies that \(\lambda \) must be greater than or equal to the maximum possible value of \(\cos x+\sin x\).

Therefore, we must have:\(\lambda \ge \sqrt{2}\)

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Condition for Decreasing Function

A function $f(x)$ is decreasing for all real values of $x$ if its derivative $f'(x) \le 0$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.

Step 2: Differentiate the function

Given $f(x) = \sin x - \cos x - \lambda x + C$. Differentiating with respect to $x$:

$$f'(x) = \cos x + \sin x - \lambda$$

Step 3: Apply the inequality

We require $f'(x) \le 0$, which implies:

$$\cos x + \sin x - \lambda \le 0$$ $$\cos x + \sin x \le \lambda$$

Step 4: Analyze the range of the trigonometric expression

We know that the expression $\sin x + \cos x$ can be written as $\sqrt{2} \sin(x + \frac{\pi}{4})$. The range of this expression is $[-\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{2}]$. For the inequality to hold for all $x$, $\lambda$ must be greater than or equal to the maximum value of the expression $\sin x + \cos x$.

$$\text{Max}(\sin x + \cos x) = \sqrt{2}$$ $$\text{Therefore, } \lambda \ge \sqrt{2}$$

Final Answer: \lambda \ge \sqrt{2}

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because the student must apply the derivative test for monotonicity and relate it to the range of trigonometric functions.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The student follows a sequence of steps: differentiation, setting the inequality, and determining the range of a trigonometric function.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It tests the conceptual understanding of the Application of Derivatives (Monotonicity) beyond simple textbook problems.
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