Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Derivatives Q #1342
KNOWLEDGE BASED
REMEMBER
3 Marks 2024 AISSCE(Board Exam) SA
If $x=a~sin^{3}\theta$, $y=b~cos^{3}\theta$ then find $\frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}$ at $\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}$

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Find $\frac{dx}{d\theta}$ and $\frac{dy}{d\theta}$

Given $x = a \sin^3 \theta$ and $y = b \cos^3 \theta$. We need to find $\frac{dx}{d\theta}$ and $\frac{dy}{d\theta}$. $$\frac{dx}{d\theta} = \frac{d}{d\theta}(a \sin^3 \theta) = 3a \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta$$ $$\frac{dy}{d\theta} = \frac{d}{d\theta}(b \cos^3 \theta) = -3b \cos^2 \theta \sin \theta$$

Step 2: Find $\frac{dy}{dx}$

Now, we find $\frac{dy}{dx}$ using the chain rule: $$\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy/d\theta}{dx/d\theta} = \frac{-3b \cos^2 \theta \sin \theta}{3a \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta} = -\frac{b}{a} \frac{\cos \theta}{\sin \theta} = -\frac{b}{a} \cot \theta$$

Step 3: Find $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$

Next, we find $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ by differentiating $\frac{dy}{dx}$ with respect to $x$: $$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{dy}{dx} \right) = \frac{d}{dx} \left( -\frac{b}{a} \cot \theta \right) = -\frac{b}{a} \frac{d}{d\theta} (\cot \theta) \cdot \frac{d\theta}{dx}$$ We know that $\frac{d}{d\theta} (\cot \theta) = -\csc^2 \theta$ and $\frac{dx}{d\theta} = 3a \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta$, so $\frac{d\theta}{dx} = \frac{1}{3a \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta}$. Therefore, $$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = -\frac{b}{a} (-\csc^2 \theta) \cdot \frac{1}{3a \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta} = \frac{b}{3a^2} \frac{1}{\sin^4 \theta \cos \theta}$$

Step 4: Evaluate $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ at $\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$

Now, we evaluate $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ at $\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$. At $\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$, $\sin \theta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ and $\cos \theta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$. $$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} \Big|_{\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{b}{3a^2} \frac{1}{(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})^4 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})} = \frac{b}{3a^2} \frac{1}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} = \frac{b}{3a^2} \cdot 4\sqrt{2} = \frac{4\sqrt{2}b}{3a^2}$$

Final Answer: $\frac{4\sqrt{2}b}{3a^2}$

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an REMEMBER question because it requires recalling the chain rule and differentiation formulas to solve the problem.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires applying differentiation rules and the chain rule, which are specific procedures.<\/span>
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. It directly tests the student's ability to apply differentiation techniques learned in the textbook.