Class CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Three Dimensional Geometry Q #1480
KNOWLEDGE BASED
REMEMBER
3 Marks 2025 AISSCE(Board Exam) SA
Find the shortest distance between the lines: $\vec{r}=(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})+\lambda(\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})$ and $\vec{r}=(\hat{i}+4\hat{k})+\mu(3\hat{i}-6\hat{j}+9\hat{k})$.

AI Tutor Explanation

Powered by Gemini

Detailed Solution

Step 1: Identify the vectors

The given lines are: Line 1: $\vec{r}=(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})+\lambda(\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})$ Line 2: $\vec{r}=(\hat{i}+4\hat{k})+\mu(3\hat{i}-6\hat{j}+9\hat{k})$ Comparing with the general form $\vec{r} = \vec{a_1} + \lambda \vec{b_1}$ and $\vec{r} = \vec{a_2} + \mu \vec{b_2}$, we have: $\vec{a_1} = 2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k}$ $\vec{b_1} = \hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\hat{k}$ $\vec{a_2} = \hat{i}+4\hat{k}$ $\vec{b_2} = 3\hat{i}-6\hat{j}+9\hat{k}$

Step 2: Check if the lines are parallel

Observe that $\vec{b_2} = 3\vec{b_1}$, which means the lines are parallel.

Step 3: Calculate $\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}$

$\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1} = (\hat{i}+4\hat{k}) - (2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k}) = -\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}$

Step 4: Calculate $(\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}) \times \vec{b_1}$

$(\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}) \times \vec{b_1} = (-\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}) \times (\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})$ $= \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ -1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -2 & 3 \end{vmatrix} = (3+2)\hat{i} - (-3-1)\hat{j} + (2-1)\hat{k} = 5\hat{i} + 4\hat{j} + \hat{k}$

Step 5: Calculate $|(\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}) \times \vec{b_1}|$

$|(\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}) \times \vec{b_1}| = \sqrt{5^2 + 4^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{25 + 16 + 1} = \sqrt{42}$

Step 6: Calculate $|\vec{b_1}|$

$|\vec{b_1}| = \sqrt{1^2 + (-2)^2 + 3^2} = \sqrt{1 + 4 + 9} = \sqrt{14}$

Step 7: Calculate the shortest distance

The shortest distance $d$ between the parallel lines is given by: $d = \frac{|(\vec{a_2} - \vec{a_1}) \times \vec{b_1}|}{|\vec{b_1}|} = \frac{\sqrt{42}}{\sqrt{14}} = \sqrt{\frac{42}{14}} = \sqrt{3}$

Final Answer: $\sqrt{3}$

AI generated content. Review strictly for academic accuracy.

Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an REMEMBER question because the student needs to recall the formula for the shortest distance between two lines and apply it.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires the student to follow a specific procedure to calculate the shortest distance between two lines in 3D space. This involves identifying vectors, calculating cross products, and applying the formula.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as KNOWLEDGE. The question directly tests the student's knowledge of the formula and procedure to find the shortest distance between two lines in 3D geometry, a standard topic in the syllabus.