Class NEET Chemistry Organic Compounds Containing Halogens Q #1237
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
4 Marks 2026 JEE Main 2026 (Online) 22 January Morning Shift MCQ SINGLE
Statement-1: $\text{Phenol} + CHCL_{3} \xrightarrow{KOH} \text{major} + \text{minor}$. Major product is ortho substituted and para substituted product is minor . Statement-2: Ortho \& Para product can be separated by steam distillation .
(A) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 is correct .
(B) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 is incorrect .
(C) Statement-1 is correct but Statement-2 is incorrect .
(D) Statement-1 is incorrect but Statement-2 is correct .
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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Analyze Statement-1 (Reimer-Tiemann Reaction)

The reaction of phenol with chloroform ($CHCl_3$) in the presence of aqueous $KOH$ is the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. This reaction introduces an aldehyde group ($-CHO$) at the ortho position of the phenol. Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde), it is the major product, while the para-hydroxybenzaldehyde is the minor product. Thus, Statement-1 is correct.

Step 2: Analyze Statement-2 (Separation Technique)

Ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which makes it volatile with steam. In contrast, para-hydroxybenzaldehyde exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to higher molecular association and lower volatility. Therefore, they can be separated by steam distillation, where the ortho isomer distills over. Thus, Statement-2 is correct.

Final Answer: Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are correct.

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because the student must apply knowledge of reaction mechanisms and physical properties (hydrogen bonding) to evaluate the validity of the given statements.
Knowledge Dimension: CONCEPTUAL
Justification: The question tests the understanding of chemical principles like intramolecular vs intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of NEET, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It requires the student to synthesize information regarding organic synthesis and separation techniques, which is a core requirement for competitive medical entrance exams.

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