Class JEE Mathematics ALL Q #1167
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
4 Marks 2026 JEE Main 2026 (Online) 21st January Morning Shift NUMERICAL
If $x^{2}+x+1=0$ then evaluate $(x+\frac{1}{x})^{4}+(x^{2}+\frac{1}{x^{2}})^{4}+...+(x^{25}+\frac{1}{x^{25}})^{4}$

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Step-by-Step Solution

Given $x^2 + x + 1 = 0$, the roots are $x = \omega$ and $x = \omega^2$, where $\omega$ is a complex cube root of unity.

We know that $\omega^3 = 1$ and $1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0$. Also, $\omega = \frac{-1 + i\sqrt{3}}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{\omega} = \omega^2$, and $\frac{1}{\omega^2} = \omega$.

Consider the term $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n}$. If $x = \omega$, then $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n} = \omega^n + \frac{1}{\omega^n} = \omega^n + \omega^{-n} = \omega^n + \omega^{2n}$.

Now, we analyze the values of $\omega^n + \omega^{2n}$ for different values of $n$:

  • If $n$ is a multiple of 3, i.e., $n = 3k$, then $\omega^{3k} + \omega^{6k} = 1 + 1 = 2$.
  • If $n = 3k + 1$, then $\omega^{3k+1} + \omega^{6k+2} = \omega + \omega^2 = -1$.
  • If $n = 3k + 2$, then $\omega^{3k+2} + \omega^{6k+4} = \omega^2 + \omega^4 = \omega^2 + \omega = -1$.

Therefore, $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n} = \begin{cases} 2, & \text{if } n \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \\ -1, & \text{if } n \not\equiv 0 \pmod{3} \end{cases}$

We need to evaluate $\sum_{n=1}^{25} (x^n + \frac{1}{x^n})^4$.

Since $(x^n + \frac{1}{x^n})^4 = \begin{cases} 2^4 = 16, & \text{if } n \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \\ (-1)^4 = 1, & \text{if } n \not\equiv 0 \pmod{3} \end{cases}$

The values of $n$ from 1 to 25 that are multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24. There are 8 such values.

The remaining $25 - 8 = 17$ values are not multiples of 3.

Therefore, the sum is $8 \cdot 16 + 17 \cdot 1 = 128 + 17 = 145$.

Correct Answer: 145

APPLY|||COMPETENCY|||PROCEDURAL|||HARD|||
Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because it requires students to apply their understanding of complex numbers, specifically the properties of cube roots of unity, and their ability to manipulate algebraic expressions to evaluate the given sum.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The solution involves a series of well-defined steps, including finding the roots of the quadratic equation, simplifying the expression using properties of complex numbers, and evaluating the sum. These steps constitute a specific procedure.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of JEE, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It assesses the student's ability to apply concepts from complex numbers and algebra to solve a problem that is not directly from the textbook, requiring a deeper understanding and problem-solving skills.

Step-by-Step Solution

Given the equation $x^2 + x + 1 = 0$, the roots are $\omega$ and $\omega^2$, where $\omega$ is a complex cube root of unity.

We know that $\omega^3 = 1$ and $1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0$. Also, $\frac{1}{\omega} = \omega^2$ and $\frac{1}{\omega^2} = \omega$.

Consider the term $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n}$. If $x = \omega$, then $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n} = \omega^n + \frac{1}{\omega^n} = \omega^n + \omega^{-n} = \omega^n + \omega^{2n}$.

Now, we analyze the values of $\omega^n + \omega^{2n}$ for different values of $n$:

  • If $n$ is a multiple of 3, i.e., $n = 3k$, then $\omega^{3k} + \omega^{6k} = 1 + 1 = 2$.
  • If $n = 3k + 1$, then $\omega^{3k+1} + \omega^{6k+2} = \omega + \omega^2 = -1$.
  • If $n = 3k + 2$, then $\omega^{3k+2} + \omega^{6k+4} = \omega^2 + \omega^4 = \omega^2 + \omega = -1$.

Therefore, $x^n + \frac{1}{x^n} = \begin{cases} 2, & \text{if } n \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \\ -1, & \text{if } n \not\equiv 0 \pmod{3} \end{cases}$

We need to evaluate $\sum_{n=1}^{25} (x^n + \frac{1}{x^n})^4$.

Since $(x^n + \frac{1}{x^n})^4 = \begin{cases} 2^4 = 16, & \text{if } n \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \\ (-1)^4 = 1, & \text{if } n \not\equiv 0 \pmod{3} \end{cases}$

The values of $n$ from 1 to 25 that are multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24. There are 8 such values.

The remaining $25 - 8 = 17$ values are not multiples of 3.

Therefore, the sum is $8 \cdot 16 + 17 \cdot 1 = 128 + 17 = 145$.

Correct Answer: 145

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because it requires the student to apply their knowledge of complex numbers and series to solve the problem. They need to recognize the properties of the roots of the given quadratic equation and use them to simplify the expression.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The question requires a series of steps to solve, including finding the roots of the quadratic, simplifying the terms in the series, and evaluating the sum. This involves applying specific algorithms and techniques.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of JEE, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It requires the student to apply their knowledge of quadratic equations, complex numbers, and series to solve a non-standard problem. This goes beyond simply recalling formulas and requires problem-solving skills.