CBSE Class 12 Physics Electric Charges and Fields Q #2084
COMPETENCY BASED
APPLY
1 Marks 2026 AISSCE(Board Exam) MCQ SINGLE
A particle of mass m and charge q starts from rest and moves in an electric field $\vec{E} = E_0 \hat{i}$. After travelling a distance x in the field along x-axis, the kinetic energy of the particle will be :
(A) $q E_0 x^2$
(B) $q E_0 x$
(C) $q^2 E_0 x$
(D) $q^2 E_0^2 x$
Correct Answer: B
Explanation
Force on the charged particle:When a particle of charge $q$ is placed in a uniform electric field $\vec{E} = E_0 \hat{i}$, the electrostatic force acting on it is given by:$$F = q E_0$$Acceleration of the particle:Using Newton's second law ($F = ma$), the acceleration $a$ of the particle of mass $m$ is:$$a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{q E_0}{m}$$Kinetic Energy calculation:Since the particle starts from rest ($u = 0$) and travels a distance $x$, we can use the third equation of motion ($v^2 = u^2 + 2ax$):$$v^2 = 0 + 2 \left(\frac{q E_0}{m}\right) x = \frac{2 q E_0 x}{m}$$Now, substitute $v^2$ into the formula for Kinetic Energy ($K = \frac{1}{2} m v^2$):$$K = \frac{1}{2} m \left(\frac{2 q E_0 x}{m}\right) = q E_0 x$$

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Detailed Solution

Step 1: Identify the force acting on the particle

The force $F$ experienced by a charge $q$ in an electric field $E$ is given by $F = qE$. Given the electric field $\vec{E} = E_0 \hat{i}$, the force is $F = qE_0$.

Step 2: Apply the Work-Energy Theorem

The Work-Energy Theorem states that the work done by the net force on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. Since the particle starts from rest, the initial kinetic energy is zero. Therefore, the final kinetic energy $K$ is equal to the work done $W$.

Step 3: Calculate the work done

Work done $W$ is defined as the product of force and displacement in the direction of the force. $$W = F \cdot x$$ Substituting the force calculated in Step 1: $$W = (q E_0) \cdot x$$

Step 4: Conclusion

Since $K = W$, the kinetic energy of the particle after traveling a distance $x$ is: $$K = q E_0 x$$

Final Answer: q E_0 x

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Pedagogical Audit
Bloom's Analysis: This is an APPLY question because it requires the student to utilize the fundamental relationship between electric force, work, and kinetic energy to solve a physical scenario.
Knowledge Dimension: PROCEDURAL
Justification: The student must follow a sequence of steps involving force calculation and the application of the Work-Energy theorem to arrive at the result.
Syllabus Audit: In the context of CBSE Class 12, this is classified as COMPETENCY. It tests the conceptual understanding of Electrostatics and Work-Energy principles rather than rote memorization of formulas.

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